This body, O son of Kunti, is called the field, and one who knows it is called the knower of the field by the sages.
The introduction of the "field" and the "knower of the field" sets the stage for understanding the body as a transient entity and the soul as eternal. This distinction underpins the spiritual discourse that will follow, emphasizing self-awareness and detachment.
Know Me as the knower in all fields, O Bharata. Knowledge of the field and its knower is true knowledge, in My opinion.
Krishna introduces the idea of the universal self, the knower of all fields. This declaration transitions the discussion from individual identity to a cosmic perspective, urging Arjuna to grasp the unity underlying apparent diversity.
What the field is, what it is like, its transformations, and whence it is, I shall explain briefly with its powers.
The qualities, transformations, and origins of the field are introduced as essential to understanding the interplay between material existence and the spiritual essence. This prepares the listener for a deeper dive into the dynamics of prakriti and purusha.
It has been sung by sages in many ways, distinctly and in various hymns, and also in the well-reasoned aphorisms of the Brahma-sutras.
The reliance on ancient wisdom underscores the universality and timelessness of this knowledge. Krishna emphasizes the authoritative nature of the teachings derived from the sages and scriptures, rooting the discourse in tradition.
The great elements, ego, intellect, unmanifested, ten senses, mind, and the five sense objects—these constitute the field.
The enumeration of elements constituting the field connects the tangible and intangible aspects of existence. Krishna presents a comprehensive view, bridging physical reality with mental and spiritual dimensions.
Desire, aversion, pleasure, pain, the aggregate, consciousness, and steadfastness are also declared to be the field with modifications.
Desire and aversion, as elements of the field, highlight the dualities that bind beings to the material world. This shloka emphasizes the need for equanimity and awareness to transcend the limitations of the field.
Humility, unpretentiousness, non-violence, forgiveness, straightforwardness, service to the teacher, purity, steadfastness, self-control—these are knowledge.
The virtues described here lay the foundation for cultivating knowledge and spiritual growth. By practicing humility, purity, and self-control, one aligns with the path of liberation and develops clarity about the nature of the self.