Bhagvad Gita - Chapter: 18 Moksha Sannyasa Yogah

यज्ञे तपसि दाने च स्थिति: सदिति चोच्यते |
कर्म चैव तदर्थीयं सदित्येवाभिधीयते ||27||

The word "Sat" is also used for sacrifice, austerity, and charity that is performed in a steadfast manner.

Yajne Tapa Dane: Steadfastness in sacrifice, charity, and austerity.
Sad Iti: Denotes the eternal existence of goodness.
Sat-Karma: Righteous or noble actions.

Krishna emphasizes that steadfastness in yajna, tapas, and dana is possible only when one’s actions are anchored in truth. His teachings highlight that real commitment to dharma requires unwavering sincerity and faith.

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Sraddha Traya Vibhaga Yogah - Whatever is done without faith—whether it be sacrifice, charity, or austerity—is considered "Asat" (unreal) and is of no benefit here or hereafter.

अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत् |
असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह ||28||

Whatever is done without faith—whether it be sacrifice, charity, or austerity—is considered "Asat" (unreal) and is of no benefit here or hereafter.

Ashraddhaya: Actions performed without faith.
Asad: That which is unreal or ineffective.
Pretya No Iha: Of no benefit in this world or the next.

Krishna concludes by cautioning against faithless actions. Sacrifices, penances, and charity devoid of sincerity are ultimately futile, reinforcing the core message of the Gita—that true spirituality is about intention and purity, not mere outward ritual.

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Chapter 18

Moksha Sannyasa Yogah

अर्जुन उवाच सन्न्यासस्य महाबाहो तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेदितुम् |
त्यागस्य च हृषीकेश पृथक्केशिनिषूदन ||1||

Arjuna said: O mighty-armed one, I wish to know the true nature of renunciation and of relinquishment, O slayer of Keshi, distinctly.

Sannyāsa: Renunciation of actions.
Tyāga: Relinquishment of action fruits.
Keśiniṣūdana: Slayer of the demon Keshi.
Hṛṣīkeśa: Master of the senses.

Arjuna's inquiry reveals his continued confusion about seemingly contradictory paths. Having received extensive wisdom, he still seeks clarity on the distinction between renunciation and relinquishment—a subtle but crucial differentiation that will lead to the climax of Krishna's teachings.

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Moksha Sannyasa Yogah - The Blessed Lord said: Sages understand renunciation to be the giving up of desire-prompted actions; the wise declare the abandonment of the fruits of all actions as relinquishment.

श्रीभगवानुवाच काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं सन्न्यासं कवयो विदु: |
सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणा: ||2||

The Blessed Lord said: Sages understand renunciation to be the giving up of desire-prompted actions; the wise declare the abandonment of the fruits of all actions as relinquishment.

Kāmya: Desire-prompted actions.
Kavayo: The learned sages.
Vicakṣaṇāḥ: Those with clear vision.
Phalatyāga: Abandonment of fruits.

Krishna begins by distinguishing between complete abandonment of action and the abandonment of fruits. This distinction addresses the common misconception that spirituality requires withdrawal from worldly activities, setting the foundation for the Gita's unique perspective on engaged detachment.

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Moksha Sannyasa Yogah - Some learned ones declare that all action is evil and should be relinquished, while others say that acts of sacrifice, charity and penance should not be given up.

त्याज्यं दोषवदित्येके कर्म प्राहुर्मनीषिण: |
यज्ञदानतप:कर्म न त्याज्यमिति चापरे ||3||

Some learned ones declare that all action is evil and should be relinquished, while others say that acts of sacrifice, charity and penance should not be given up.

Doṣavat: Defective or faulty.
Manīṣiṇaḥ: Intelligent thinkers.
Tapas: Austerity or penance.
Apare: Others (different opinion).

Here Krishna presents differing philosophical positions without immediately declaring one superior, acknowledging the authentic diversity of spiritual traditions. This approach shows respect for various paths while preparing to synthesize them into a comprehensive understanding.

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Moksha Sannyasa Yogah - Hear from Me the conclusion regarding relinquishment, O best of the Bharatas. Relinquishment has been declared to be of three kinds, O tiger among men.

निश्चयं शृणु मे तत्र त्यागे भरतसत्तम |
त्यागो हि पुरुषव्याघ्र त्रिविध: सम्प्रकीर्तित: ||4||

Hear from Me the conclusion regarding relinquishment, O best of the Bharatas. Relinquishment has been declared to be of three kinds, O tiger among men.

Bharatasattama: Best of the Bharatas.
Puruṣavyāghra: Tiger among men.
Samprakīrtita: Fully declared or described.
Trividha: Of three types.

Krishna now transitions from presenting diverse viewpoints to offering a definitive perspective. By addressing Arjuna as "tiger among men," he subtly reinforces Arjuna's warrior nature while preparing to explain how relinquishment manifests through the three gunas.

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