Krishna advises Arjuna to transcend the three modes of material nature (goodness, passion, and ignorance) that bind individuals. He encourages Arjuna to remain steadfast, free from the dualities of life, and focus on the self. This is an appeal to move beyond worldly influences and distractions to attain spiritual equanimity and self-mastery.

Krishna uses the analogy of a small well to describe how the wisdom of the Vedas is limited compared to the vastness of true spiritual knowledge. For one who has attained higher understanding, the Vedas, which primarily deal with material desires, are no longer of utmost importance. This teaching encourages Arjuna to look beyond ritualistic knowledge.

Krishna instructs Arjuna to perform his duty without attachment to the results. One should never act with the desire for reward, nor should one avoid action out of fear of failure. This principle of Karma Yoga—performing action without attachment to the fruits—emphasizes the purity and selflessness that should accompany every action.

Krishna advocates for the superiority of wisdom over mere ritualistic actions. He urges Arjuna to seek refuge in this wisdom, as those motivated by results are miserly in their understanding. This teaching shifts the focus from outward rituals to the inner wisdom and intention behind one’s actions, emphasizing the need for conscious awareness.

Krishna explains that one who is united with wisdom renounces both good and bad results of actions, thereby becoming free from the cycle of karma. Such a person achieves perfection in action, known as Karma Yoga. This teaching encourages detachment from outcomes and emphasizes the importance of purity of intention in all endeavors.

Those who act with wisdom, renouncing the fruits of their actions, are freed from the bonds of karma and attain the state of liberation. Krishna highlights that wisdom leads to the end of the cycle of birth and death. This teaching motivates Arjuna to act selflessly, aiming for spiritual freedom rather than worldly gains.