Bhagvad Gita - Chapter: 2 Sankhya Yogah

Sankhya Yogah - Overwhelmed by his sense of duty and confusion, Arjuna declares his inability to determine what is right. He surrenders himself to Krishna, seeking guidance as a disciple.

कार्पण्यदोषोपहतस्वभाव: पृच्छामि त्वां धर्मसम्मूढचेता: |
यच्छ्रेय: स्यान्निश्चितं ब्रूहि तन्मे शिष्यस्तेऽहं शाधि मां त्वां प्रपन्नम् ||7||

Overwhelmed by his sense of duty and confusion, Arjuna declares his inability to determine what is right. He surrenders himself to Krishna, seeking guidance as a disciple.

Dharma-sammudha-cetah: Confused about duty.
Karpanya: Miserly behavior.
Prapannam: Surrendered to guidance.

Recognizing his indecision and moral confusion, Arjuna surrenders to Krishna as a disciple, seeking guidance and instruction. This moment of surrender is crucial as it signifies Arjuna’s willingness to accept Krishna’s wisdom. It sets the stage for Krishna’s teachings, which will address not just his immediate dilemma but the broader aspects of life and duty.

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Sankhya Yogah - Arjuna expresses his inability to see a way out of the sorrow that is paralyzing him, even if he were to gain unparalleled power and prosperity in the world.

न हि प्रपश्यामि ममापनुद्याद् यच्छोकमुच्छोषणमिन्द्रियाणाम् |
अवाप्य भूमावसपत्नमृद्धं राज्यं सुराणामपि चाधिपत्यम् ||8||

Arjuna expresses his inability to see a way out of the sorrow that is paralyzing him, even if he were to gain unparalleled power and prosperity in the world.

Shokam: Sorrow or grief.
Indriya: Senses, referring to bodily faculties.
Bhuma: Earthly wealth or abundance.

Arjuna confesses that he sees no remedy for his sorrow, even if he were to attain a prosperous and unrivaled kingdom. His despair transcends material aspirations, reflecting a deeper existential crisis. This shloka emphasizes the extent of Arjuna’s distress and his need for a spiritual solution that goes beyond the material realm.

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Sankhya Yogah - Sanjaya describes how, after speaking thus to Krishna, Arjuna, the conqueror of sleep, declares his unwillingness to fight and falls silent.

सञ्जय उवाच एवमुक्त्वा हृषीकेशं गुडाकेश: परन्तप |
न योत्स्य इति गोविन्दमुक्त्वा तूष्णीं बभूव ह ||9||

Sanjaya describes how, after speaking thus to Krishna, Arjuna, the conqueror of sleep, declares his unwillingness to fight and falls silent.

Gudakesa: Arjuna, conqueror of sleep.
Govinda: Krishna, one who gives joy.
Parantapa: Arjuna, scorcher of foes.

Sanjaya describes Arjuna’s complete breakdown and silence after expressing his inability to fight. His surrender to Krishna reflects his acceptance of the situation’s gravity and his trust in Krishna’s wisdom. This paves the way for Krishna to begin his teachings, as Arjuna has now become a willing recipient of spiritual guidance.

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Sankhya Yogah - Krishna, smiling as if amused, speaks to Arjuna, who is standing between the two armies and caught in deep despair, highlighting the gravity of his emotions.

तमुवाच हृषीकेश: प्रहसन्निव भारत |
सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये विषीदन्तमिदं वच: ||10||

Krishna, smiling as if amused, speaks to Arjuna, who is standing between the two armies and caught in deep despair, highlighting the gravity of his emotions.

Hrisikesa: Krishna, master of senses.
Vishidantam: Despairing or sorrowful.
Bharata: Descendant of King Bharata.

Krishna, smiling amidst the intensity of Arjuna’s emotions, suggests his readiness to impart wisdom with a sense of compassion and assurance. His smile signifies both his empathy and his understanding of Arjuna’s plight, setting a calm and composed tone before he starts revealing profound spiritual truths to alleviate Arjuna’s inner turmoil.

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Sankhya Yogah - Krishna begins his discourse by reminding Arjuna that the wise do not lament for the living or the dead. He implies that Arjuna’s grief is unfounded.

श्रीभगवानुवाच अशोच्यानन्वशोचस्त्वं प्रज्ञावादांश्च भाषसे |
गतासूनगतासूंश्च नानुशोचन्ति पण्डिता: ||11||

Krishna begins his discourse by reminding Arjuna that the wise do not lament for the living or the dead. He implies that Arjuna’s grief is unfounded.

Panditah: Wise men.
Gatasun: Departed souls.
Anvasocah: Lament for or grieve.

Krishna begins by pointing out that Arjuna’s grief is misplaced. The wise do not lament for the living or the dead because they understand the eternal nature of the soul. This shloka marks the beginning of Krishna’s philosophical teachings, aiming to elevate Arjuna’s understanding from the physical to the spiritual realm, providing solace and clarity.

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Sankhya Yogah - Krishna asserts that the soul is eternal and neither he, nor Arjuna, nor any of the kings have ever ceased to exist or will cease to exist.

न त्वेवाहं जातु नासं न त्वं नेमे जनाधिपा |
न चैव न भविष्याम: सर्वे वयमत: परम् ||12||

Krishna asserts that the soul is eternal and neither he, nor Arjuna, nor any of the kings have ever ceased to exist or will cease to exist.

Janadhipah: Kings or rulers.
Bhavisyamah: Will exist in the future.
Sarve: All or entirety.

Krishna emphasizes the eternal existence of the soul, asserting that neither he, Arjuna, nor any being has ever ceased to exist. By declaring that everyone has always existed and will continue to exist, Krishna introduces the concept of timelessness of the soul, challenging Arjuna’s limited perception and expanding his understanding of existence.

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Sankhya Yogah - Just as the soul experiences childhood, youth, and old age within a body, it similarly transitions to another body after death. The wise are not bewildered by this change.

देहिनोऽस्मिन्यथा देहे कौमारं यौवनं जरा |
तथा देहान्तरप्राप्तिर्धीरस्तत्र न मुह्यति ||13||

Just as the soul experiences childhood, youth, and old age within a body, it similarly transitions to another body after death. The wise are not bewildered by this change.

Dehantara-praptih: Transmigration of the soul.
Kumarah: Youth or childhood.
Yauvanam: Youth.

Krishna uses the analogy of life’s stages – childhood, youth, and old age – to illustrate the soul’s transition from one body to another. He encourages Arjuna to perceive death as a natural transformation rather than an end. This teaching is meant to reduce Arjuna’s attachment to the physical body and ease his fear of death’s finality.

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