Krishna placed the chariot in front of Bhishma, Drona, and all the rulers of the earth, and said: Behold the assembled Kurus, O Partha.
Krishna deliberately positions the chariot in front of Bhishma and Drona, the most revered warriors on the Kaurava side. His words, calling Arjuna to observe the assembled Kurus, set the stage for Arjuna’s moral crisis, as he is faced with the reality of fighting against those he respects and loves.
There, Arjuna saw his uncles, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, and friends, on both sides of the battlefield.
As Arjuna surveys the battlefield, he sees familiar faces, including family members and respected elders. This scene marks the moment when Arjuna begins to feel conflicted about fighting in the war. The sight of his loved ones makes him question the righteousness of engaging in such a destructive conflict.
Seeing all his relatives gathered there, Arjuna, son of Kunti, was overwhelmed with compassion and sorrow, and he spoke these words.
Arjuna’s emotional turmoil deepens as he sees his kin on the battlefield. His sense of duty conflicts with his compassion for his relatives. This verse marks the start of Arjuna’s profound inner struggle, where the weight of his moral dilemma leads him to question the very purpose of the war.
Arjuna said: O Krishna, seeing my own kinsmen standing ready to fight, my limbs weaken, my mouth dries up, and my body trembles.
Arjuna begins expressing his physical reactions to the emotional stress he is experiencing. The sight of his relatives ready to kill each other causes him to feel weak, shaky, and paralyzed by fear. This verse conveys the depth of Arjuna’s inner crisis, where his body reacts to the mental conflict he faces.
My body shivers, and my hair stands on end. The Gandiva (my bow) slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over.
Arjuna continues to describe his physical symptoms, highlighting the extent of his distress. His inability to hold his bow, a symbol of his warrior duty, reflects his internal turmoil. The burning sensation and loss of control indicate his intense psychological and emotional suffering as he grapples with the decision to fight.
I am unable to stand any longer, and my mind seems to be reeling. I foresee only evil, O Krishna.
Arjuna’s emotional breakdown deepens as he confesses that he cannot stand firm due to his mental and physical state. His mind is clouded, and he perceives only negative outcomes, reflecting his inner turmoil and the overwhelming moral dilemma he faces about the consequences of war.
I do not see how any good can come from killing my own relatives in this battle. I do not desire victory, kingdom, or pleasures.
Arjuna openly questions the purpose of the war. He expresses that no victory, kingdom, or pleasure can justify the killing of his kin. This statement reveals his deep sense of disillusionment, as he begins to reject the material gains that the war is supposed to bring, considering them hollow without family.