The senses are so strong and turbulent that even a person of wisdom, striving for self-control, can be forcibly carried away by them.
Krishna acknowledges the power of the senses, which can forcibly carry away even a person of wisdom. This teaching emphasizes the need for constant vigilance and control over the senses, as they are capable of leading one astray. Arjuna is urged to strengthen his resolve and maintain discipline over his senses.
Having controlled them all, one should remain focused on the Supreme. His wisdom becomes steady whose senses are under control.
One who restrains his senses and fixes his mind on the Supreme remains steady in wisdom. Krishna encourages Arjuna to use his mind and intellect to control his senses, thereby achieving steadiness and clarity. This teaching reinforces the importance of mental focus and devotion as tools for mastering one’s lower nature.
By contemplating sense objects, a person develops attachment; from attachment comes desire, from desire comes anger.
Krishna explains how attachment to sense objects develops through contemplation, leading to desire and then to anger. This progression reveals the chain of reactions that cloud the mind and lead to delusion. Arjuna is advised to break this chain early by avoiding unnecessary attachment, which gives rise to further suffering.
From anger comes delusion; from delusion, confusion of memory; from confusion of memory, loss of reason; and from loss of reason, one is utterly lost.
From anger arises delusion, which leads to confusion of memory and loss of reason. This results in the total destruction of one’s wisdom. Krishna describes how unchecked emotions can spiral out of control, causing inner chaos. This teaching warns Arjuna about the dangers of allowing his emotions to dominate his judgment.
But one who controls the mind and is free from both attachment and aversion, even while interacting with sense objects, attains peace.
One who is free from attachment and aversion, even while engaging with sense objects, attains the grace of the Supreme. Krishna teaches that balance and self-mastery allow one to interact with the world without being affected by it. Such a person, by maintaining equanimity, achieves a state of inner peace and tranquility.
In that peace, all sorrow ceases, and the intellect of such a person soon becomes steady.
In that state of inner peace, all sorrows cease, and the intellect becomes firmly established. Krishna suggests that inner peace is the foundation of true wisdom, as a tranquil mind is capable of making sound decisions. This teaching encourages Arjuna to seek calmness and balance, as they are prerequisites for attaining wisdom.
There is neither wisdom nor meditation in one who is not connected to the Divine, and without peace, there can be no happiness.
For one without self-control, there is no wisdom, nor is there meditation. Without meditation, there is no peace, and without peace, how can there be happiness? Krishna presents a chain of interconnected states, showing that inner peace is the key to true happiness. He urges Arjuna to cultivate self-discipline and inner calm.