Of creations, I am the beginning and the end and also the middle, O Arjuna. Of sciences, I am the science of the self; and of debaters, I am the conclusive truth.
Krishna identifies himself with creation, knowledge, and time, illustrating his pervasive presence. This builds on Arjuna’s understanding of Krishna as both the initiator and sustainer of the universe.
Of letters, I am the letter A; and among compounds, I am the dual word. I am also inexhaustible time, and of creators, I am Brahma.
Krishna connects with foundational concepts like the letter A and inexhaustible time. This shloka emphasizes his role as the eternal basis of existence and the unfolding of reality.
I am all-devouring death, and I am the origin of all that will be born. Of feminine qualities, I am fame, fortune, speech, memory, intelligence, steadfastness, and patience.
Krishna identifies with both destructive forces like death and nurturing qualities like patience and forgiveness. This duality reflects his role as both the end and the sustenance of all life.
Of hymns in the Sama Veda, I am Brihat-sama; of poetry, I am the Gayatri; of months, I am Margashirsha; and of seasons, I am the flowery spring.
Krishna’s connection with sacred hymns and spring highlights his association with renewal and inspiration. This shloka encourages Arjuna to see divinity in cyclical creation and creative expression.
I am the gambling of cheats, and of the splendid, I am the splendor. I am victory, I am perseverance, and I am the goodness of the virtuous.
Krishna’s identification with victory and brilliance emphasizes his role in inspiring excellence and determination. This resonates with Arjuna’s need to channel divine energy for righteous action.
Of the Vrishnis, I am Vasudeva; of the Pandavas, I am Arjuna; of the sages, I am Vyasa; and among great thinkers, I am Ushanas.
By associating with Vasudeva and Vyasa, Krishna aligns himself with wisdom and divine heritage. This shloka ties Krishna’s cosmic significance to revered figures of tradition, enhancing Arjuna’s reverence.
Among punishments, I am the rod of chastisement; of those who seek victory, I am morality; of secrets, I am silence; and of the wise, I am wisdom.
Krishna’s connection to discipline and silence underscores his role as the force behind morality and introspection. This guides Arjuna to embrace self-control and inner focus as spiritual tools.